— 降低風險 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師照護一位接受全髖關節置換術後的病人。護理師採取下列哪項措施有助於預防深部靜脈栓塞（DVT）？
A nurse is caring for a client who is post-operative following a total hip arthroplasty. Which action by the nurse helps prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
- AKeep the client on strict bed rest for 48 hours讓病人嚴格臥床休息48小時
- BEncourage the client to perform ankle pumps and foot circles✓ 正解鼓勵病人進行足踝屈伸運動和腳趾畫圈運動
- CPlace a pillow under the client's knees to reduce pain在病人膝蓋下方放置枕頭以減輕疼痛
- DMassage the lower extremities to improve circulation按摩下肢以促進循環
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
全髖關節置換術後，病人因手術創傷與長期臥床，DVT 風險極高。護理師應採取多項措施促進下肢血液回流，其中「足踝幫浦運動」（Ankle pumps）能有效收縮小腿肌肉，產生幫浦效應，防止血液鬱積。此外，應嚴禁膝下墊枕或按摩下肢，因為這些行為可能壓迫膕靜脈或導致已形成的血栓鬆脫，引發肺栓塞，威脅生命安全。
DVT risk is high after total hip arthroplasty due to immobility and surgical trauma. Ankle pumps and foot circles contract the calf muscles to promote venous return. Pillows under the knees compress the popliteal vein and worsen stasis; massaging the legs can dislodge a clot and cause pulmonary embolism; strict bed rest increases stasis. Early mobilization, pneumatic compression devices, and anticoagulation are standard prophylaxis.