— 降低風險 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師教導病人自行注射胰島素。哪些指導對於安全給藥至關重要？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client about self-administration of insulin. Which instructions are essential for safe administration? (Select all that apply.)
- ARotate injection sites to prevent lipodystrophy✓ 正解輪替注射部位以防止脂肪營養不良
- BAlways aspirate before injecting the insulin注射胰島素前務必抽吸
- CStore unopened insulin in the refrigerator✓ 正解將未開封的胰島素存放在冰箱中
- DUse the same injection site for one week一週內使用同一個注射部位
- EClean the site with alcohol before injection✓ 正解注射前以酒精清潔部位
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
胰島素安全注射重點：注射部位需輪替（避免脂質肥大影響吸收）；未開封需冷藏（延長效期）；注射前需清潔皮膚（預防感染）。抽吸（aspirate）在胰島素注射中已不建議，因為微血管分布少且藥物吸收迅速；固定同一部位會導致組織硬化吸收不良。
Essential insulin administration instructions include rotating injection sites to prevent lipodystrophy, storing unopened insulin in the refrigerator to maintain potency, and cleaning the site with alcohol to prevent infection. Aspiration is no longer recommended for subcutaneous insulin injections.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理師常教導病人使用單手抽吸法或筆型注射；台灣較多依賴衛教師系統性指導，內容更新較為統一。