護理師正在評估一名剛從心導管室返回病房的患者。下列哪項發現是護理師應優先通報的?
A nurse is assessing a client who just returned from the cardiac catheterization laboratory. Which of the following findings is the highest priority for the nurse to report?
- AThe client reports mild discomfort at the insertion site病人主訴穿刺部位有輕微不適
- BAbsence of a pedal pulse in the affected extremity✓ 正解患側肢體足背脈搏消失
- CBlood pressure 142/88 mmHg血壓 142/88 mmHg
- DA small hematoma at the puncture site穿刺部位有小血腫
心導管術後(特別是經股動脈途徑)最嚴重的併發症是穿刺部位血栓形成、動脈夾層或出血導致的肢體遠端缺血。核心概念是評估神經血管狀態(Neurovascular checks)。觸摸不到患側足背脈搏(Absence of pedal pulse)是肢體動脈閉塞的徵兆,屬於醫療緊急事件,必須立即報告,以防止肢體壞疽或需截肢。BP 142/88 略高,可能是疼痛或焦慮引起的,不具急迫危險。小血腫(Hematoma)需要密切監測,但若無持續擴大,重要性次於脈搏消失。輕微不適是術後預期表現。護理師應運用 ABC 之外的「肢體保存(Limb over Life/Limb)」原則,識別血管受損的紅旗徵象,這是 Reduction of Risk Potential 的高階判讀。
The absence of a pedal pulse in the affected extremity is the highest priority finding because it indicates potential arterial occlusion or severe hematoma causing limb ischemia. This is a medical emergency requiring immediate reporting to prevent tissue necrosis or amputation, whereas mild discomfort, small hematomas, or slightly elevated blood pressure are less critical.
在美國,心導管術後常使用血管閉合裝置(Closure devices),且護理師會使用杜普勒(Doppler)超音波來確認脈搏。在台灣,股動脈穿刺後仍常見使用沙袋壓迫 4-6 小時,護理師需在沙袋壓迫下巧妙地觸摸遠端脈搏,且對「脈搏消失」的警覺性是所有術後照護的重點。