— 安全與感染控制 · MEDIUM · SATA —
下列何者為老年人跌倒的風險因子？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following are risk factors for falls in an elderly client? (Select all that apply.)
- AHistory of a previous fall✓ 正解曾有跌倒史
- BImpaired vision✓ 正解視力受損
- CUse of sedative medications✓ 正解使用鎮靜藥物
- DActive lifestyle活躍的生活方式
- EMuscle weakness✓ 正解肌肉無力
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
跌倒風險評估是老年護理的核心，需綜合評估生理、藥物及環境因素。既往跌倒史是未來跌倒最強的預測因子；視力受損影響病人對空間的判斷；鎮靜劑（Sedatives）會抑制中樞神經，降低警覺性並影響步態穩定；肌肉無力（特別是下肢）則直接影響行走時的支撐力。臨床上，護理師應針對上述風險因子進行 Morse Fall Scale 等評估，並採取相應預防措施。
Fall risk assessment in the elderly integrates physiologic, pharmacologic, and environmental factors. A previous fall is the strongest predictor of future falls. Impaired vision reduces hazard detection; sedative medications impair alertness and balance; lower-extremity muscle weakness reduces support during ambulation. An active lifestyle is a protective factor. Tools such as the Morse Fall Scale guide intervention planning.