對護理師而言，預防醫療相關感染（HAIs）最有效的措施為何？
Which of the following practices is most effective for a nurse to prevent the transmission of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)?
- AMaintaining a clean uniform保持制服清潔
- BWearing double gloves戴雙層手套
- CPerforming hand hygiene✓ 正解執行手部衛生
- DUsing sterile technique for all procedures所有程序使用無菌技術
預防醫療相關感染（Healthcare-associated infections, HAIs）的核心在於阻斷病原體傳播。手部衛生（Hand hygiene）是標準防護措施（Standard Precautions）中最基礎且最有效的手段，能移除手部短暫存在的微生物，防止交叉感染。臨床上，護理師應在接觸病人前後、執行無菌操作前、接觸體液後及接觸病人周遭環境後確實執行洗手或使用酒精性乾洗手液。
Performing hand hygiene is the most critical practice for preventing healthcare-associated infections, as it effectively removes transient microorganisms and breaks the chain of transmission. Standard precautions rely on this fundamental measure, whereas sterile technique is reserved for invasive procedures and uniform cleanliness alone is insufficient to prevent cross-contamination.
美國醫院極度強調手部衛生稽核，常有「祕密客」評核手部衛生遵循率。酒精性乾洗手液（Alcohol-based hand rub）在美國臨床極為普及，除非手部可見髒污或接觸孢子類病原（如 C. diff），否則乾洗手為首選。