病人有姿勢性低血壓。護理師應教導什麼？
A client is experiencing orthostatic hypotension. What should the nurse teach?
- ADrink less water during the day白天減少飲水量
- BStand up slowly from a sitting position✓ 正解從坐姿站起時動作要緩慢
- CRefuse to get out of bed拒絕下床活動
- DStand up quickly to avoid dizziness快速站起以避免頭暈
姿勢性低血壓（Orthostatic hypotension）是指從平躺或坐姿轉換為直立姿勢時，因重力導致血液淤積於下肢，造成靜脈回流減少、心輸出量下降，進而引發腦部灌流不足。護理核心在於預防跌倒與緩解症狀。教導病人採取「漸進式」下床，即先在床緣坐起並垂足，待身體適應重力變化後再緩慢站立，能有效降低眩暈與昏厥風險。這符合安全護理（Safety）原則，避免因動作過快導致低血壓發作。
Orthostatic hypotension occurs when changing from a supine or sitting position to an upright position; gravity causes pooling of blood in the lower extremities, reducing venous return and cardiac output and producing inadequate cerebral perfusion. The core nursing goals are to prevent falls and to relieve symptoms. Teaching the client to get out of bed gradually by first sitting on the edge of the bed with feet dangling and then slowly standing once the body has adjusted to the change in gravity effectively reduces the risk of dizziness and syncope. This is consistent with the principle of safety and prevents an episode of hypotension caused by moving too quickly.