以下哪些被視為一級預防策略？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following are considered primary prevention strategies? (Select all that apply.)
- AProviding a seminar on healthy eating habits.✓ 正解舉辦健康飲食習慣研討會
- BPerforming a blood pressure screening at a health fair.在健康展覽會上進行血壓篩檢
- CAdministering a flu vaccine to a college student.✓ 正解為大學生施打流感疫苗
- DRehabilitating a client after a stroke.中風後病人復健
- EEncouraging the use of bicycle helmets.✓ 正解鼓勵使用自行車安全帽
護理師在公共衛生與社區照護領域中，必須清楚區分不同層次的預防策略：一級預防、二級預防和三級預防。一級預防（Primary prevention）是預防疾病或傷害在發生之前就採取行動，旨在降低風險因子或增強個體的抵抗力。其核心目標是提升健康水平，避免疾病的首次發生。了解並應用一級預防策略，能讓護理師在衛教、疫苗接種、環境安全等面向，主動介入，從根本上保護人群健康，減少疾病負擔，是健康促進的基石。
In public health and community-based nursing, nurses must clearly distinguish between the different levels of prevention: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary prevention consists of actions taken before disease or injury occurs and aims to reduce risk factors or strengthen individual resistance. Its core goal is to raise the level of health and prevent the initial occurrence of disease. Understanding and applying primary prevention strategies allows nurses to intervene proactively through education, immunization, environmental safety, and other measures, protecting population health at its root, reducing the disease burden, and providing the foundation of health promotion.
美國與台灣在定義和實踐一級、二級、三級預防策略上是完全一致的。這是一個全球通用的公共衛生與護理學核心概念。無論在哪裡執業，護理師都需要根據這些預防層次來規劃和執行健康照護介入措施，以達到最佳的健康促進和疾病管理效果。因此，這方面的臨床實踐沒有顯著差異。