護理師照顧一位有心臟衰竭病史的病人,病人主訴過去 2 天內體重增加了 5 磅(2.3 公斤)。護理師應優先進行哪項評估?
A nurse is caring for a client with a history of heart failure who reports a weight gain of 5 lbs (2.3 kg) over the past 2 days. Which assessment should the nurse prioritize?
- AAssess the client's appetite and oral intake評估病人的食慾與經口攝取量
- BAuscultate the lungs for crackles✓ 正解聽診肺部是否有囉音
- CMeasure the client's blood pressure測量病人的血壓
- DCheck for peripheral edema in the lower extremities檢查下肢周邊水腫
對於有心臟衰竭(Heart Failure, HF)病史的病人,體重在短時間內急遽增加(如兩天內增加 5 磅或 2.3 公斤),是一個關鍵的警示信號,通常表示體液滯留。心臟衰竭病人無法有效泵血,導致液體積聚在體內。在這種情況下,最危險的併發症是肺水腫(pulmonary edema),因為肺部積水會嚴重影響氣體交換,導致呼吸困難,甚至危及生命。因此,護理師的優先評估應聚焦於呼吸系統,以判斷是否有肺部充血的跡象。臨床思路應依循「ABC」原則(Airway, Breathing, Circulation),呼吸問題通常是首要處理的。
Sudden weight gain in a client with heart failure indicates fluid retention, posing an immediate risk for pulmonary edema and compromised gas exchange. Following the ABC (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) framework, assessing lung sounds for crackles is the priority to detect respiratory distress early. While peripheral edema and blood pressure are relevant, respiratory status takes precedence to prevent life-threatening complications.
美國護理強調依據心衰竭指引獨立決定評估順序;台灣護理實務中亦強調肺部評估,但常伴隨立即通報醫師。