護理師照護一位發燒的病人。哪項舒適措施應被優先考慮？
A nurse is caring for a client with a fever. Which comfort measure should the nurse prioritize?
- AEncourage increased fluid intake✓ 正解鼓勵增加液體攝取
- BApply ice packs to the entire body全身敷冰塊
- CKeep the room temperature very high to prevent shivering保持室內溫度很高以防止顫抖
- DGive a cold water bath to lower temperature rapidly給予冷水浴以迅速降低體溫
發燒時體溫升高會導致基礎代謝率增加，進而加速水分由皮膚蒸發（不顯性失水）與呼吸道散失，且發燒常伴隨流汗。因此，補充水分（Hydration）是維持電解質平衡及預防脫水的首要護理措施。處理發燒應以舒適為優先，避免極端的冷刺激，以免引發顫抖（Shivering），顫抖反而會導致肌肉產熱增加，使體溫更難下降。
An elevated body temperature increases the basal metabolic rate, which in turn accelerates water loss through evaporation from the skin (insensible water loss) and through the respiratory tract, and fever is often accompanied by sweating. Therefore, hydration is the primary nursing intervention for maintaining electrolyte balance and preventing dehydration. Management of fever should prioritize comfort, and extreme cold stimuli should be avoided so as not to induce shivering, which would increase heat production by the muscles and make it more difficult to lower the temperature.
美國臨床更強調「舒適度（Comfort）」與「避免顫抖（Shivering）」。台灣傳統常有「冰枕」習慣，但在美國護理實務中，若非高燒至危險水準（如 >40°C），通常優先使用退燒藥（Antipyretics）搭配物理散熱（如環境溫度控制、適量水分），較少直接使用冰枕。