評估病人的疼痛程度，什麼是評估的「黃金標準」？
When assessing a client's level of pain, what is the 'gold standard' for assessment?
- AThe client's self-report✓ 正解病人的自我報告
- BVital signs measurement生命徵象測量
- CThe nurse's observation of behavior護理師對行為的觀察
- DThe family's perception of pain家屬對疼痛的感知
疼痛評估是護理照護的核心，臨床上遵循「病人自述是疼痛評估的黃金標準（Self-report is the gold standard）」。疼痛是主觀感受，外在行為（如呻吟、皺眉）或生命徵象（如血壓升高）僅能作為輔助指標，因為病人可能因慢性疼痛而產生適應，即使疼痛劇烈也未必有明顯的生命徵象變化。護理師必須尊重病人的主訴，並使用標準化量表進行量化評估。
Pain assessment is central to nursing care, and clinically, the rule is that the client's self-report is the gold standard for assessing pain. Pain is a subjective experience; external behaviors (such as moaning or grimacing) and vital signs (such as elevated blood pressure) serve only as supporting indicators, since clients may adapt to chronic pain and may show no obvious vital sign changes even when pain is severe. The nurse must respect the client's report and use standardized scales for quantitative assessment.