下列哪些護理介入有助於預防術後病人便秘？（選所有適合的）
Which nursing intervention helps prevent constipation in a post-surgical patient? (Select all that apply.)
- AEncourage early ambulation✓ 正解鼓勵早期下床活動
- BIncrease dietary fiber as tolerated✓ 正解在耐受情況下增加膳食纖維攝取
- CMaintain adequate fluid intake✓ 正解維持充足的水分攝取
- DAdminister opioids routinely常規給予鴉片類藥物
- EProvide privacy during toileting✓ 正解如廁時提供隱私空間
術後便秘常見於麻醉藥減緩腸道蠕動及鴉片類止痛藥（Opioids）的副作用。護理介入應以促進腸道物理性運動、補充水分與纖維，以及創造舒適排便環境為核心。早期下床可藉由重力與身體運動刺激腸蠕動；纖維與水分能增加糞便體積並軟化糞便；尊重隱私則能降低病人因焦慮導致的排便抑制。鴉片類藥物雖止痛效果佳，但會抑制腸道平滑肌蠕動，故非預防便秘手段，臨床應配合軟便劑（Stool softeners）使用。
Postoperative constipation is common because anesthetics slow bowel motility and opioids further impair peristalsis. Nursing interventions should focus on promoting physical bowel activity, supplementing fluids and fiber, and creating a comfortable environment for defecation. Early ambulation uses gravity and physical activity to stimulate peristalsis; fiber and fluids increase stool bulk and soften stool; respecting privacy reduces anxiety-related inhibition of defecation. Although opioids provide good pain control, they suppress smooth-muscle peristalsis in the bowel and are therefore not a measure for preventing constipation; clinically, stool softeners should be used in combination with opioids.