護理師教導病人自行注射皮下胰島素。應包含哪些衛教指導？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client about self-administration of subcutaneous insulin. Which actions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
- ARotate injection sites to prevent lipodystrophy✓ 正解輪替注射部位以防止脂營養不良
- BInject insulin at a 90-degree angle for most patients✓ 正解對大多數病人以 90 度角注射胰島素
- CMassage the injection site vigorously after administration注射後用力按摩注射部位
- DWash hands thoroughly before preparing the dose✓ 正解準備劑量前徹底洗手
- EDiscard used needles in a designated sharps container✓ 正解將使用過的針頭丟入指定的銳器盒
自行注射胰島素時，部位輪替（Rotation）是防止皮下脂肪萎縮或肥大（Lipodystrophy）的關鍵，後者會影響藥物吸收速率。正確注射角度通常為 90 度，確保藥物進入皮下組織而非肌肉。給藥前後嚴格洗手是預防感染的基礎。使用後的針頭必須丟入銳器盒以保障公共安全。不按摩注射部位是為了維持吸收速率的穩定性。
When self-administering insulin, site rotation is essential to prevent lipodystrophy (atrophy or hypertrophy of subcutaneous fat), which would otherwise affect absorption. The correct injection angle is generally 90 degrees, ensuring delivery into subcutaneous tissue rather than muscle. Thorough hand washing before and after administration is the foundation of infection prevention. Used needles must be discarded into a sharps container to protect public safety. The injection site should not be massaged, in order to maintain stable absorption rates.