護理師正衛教一位停經後女性如何降低心血管疾病的風險。護理師應包含下列哪項建議？
A nurse is teaching a postmenopausal client about reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Which recommendation should the nurse include?
- AAim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week.✓ 正解每週目標進行至少150分鐘中等強度的有氧運動。
- BIncrease intake of saturated fats to maintain energy levels.增加飽和脂肪的攝取以維持體力。
- CLimit calcium intake to avoid arterial calcification.限制鈣質攝取以避免動脈鈣化。
- DBegin Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) specifically to protect the heart.開始荷爾蒙替代療法（HRT）以專門保護心臟。
停經後女性的心血管風險會因為雌激素下降而顯著上升。核心概念是停經後保護機制的喪失。正確答案為 A。每週 150 分鐘中等強度運動（如快走）是改善血脂、降低血壓與管理體重的基礎。選項 D 錯誤，目前的實證（如 WHI 研究）顯示 HRT 不應用於心血管疾病的「一級預防」，因為可能增加血栓或中風風險；選項 B 錯誤，應減少飽和脂肪攝取以降低 LDL；選項 C 錯誤，停經後為預防骨鬆仍需充足鈣質，且目前的實證並未支持正常飲食補鈣會直接導致動脈鈣化。護理師應將焦點放在生活形態的全面優化。
Cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women rises significantly due to the decline in estrogen. The core concept is the loss of postmenopausal protective mechanisms. The correct answer is A. 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week (such as brisk walking) is foundational for improving lipid levels, lowering blood pressure, and managing weight. Option D is incorrect; current evidence (such as the WHI study) indicates that HRT should not be used for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease because it may increase the risk of thrombosis or stroke. Option B is incorrect; saturated fat intake should be reduced to lower LDL. Option C is incorrect; postmenopausal women still require adequate calcium to prevent osteoporosis, and current evidence does not support the claim that normal dietary calcium supplementation directly causes arterial calcification. The nurse should focus on comprehensive lifestyle optimization.
美國護理師常需處理關於 HRT 的複雜諮詢，因為美國女性對荷爾蒙治療的接受度與疑慮波動較大；台灣女性則往往較傾向使用食補或大豆異黃酮，護理師需強調實證運動與飲食調整的效果遠大於營養補充品。