護理師在對 55 歲個案進行癌症防治衛教。下列何者屬於一級預防措施？
A nurse is teaching a 55-year-old client about cancer prevention. Which of the following is considered a primary prevention strategy?
- AScheduling an annual mammogram安排年度乳房攝影檢查
- BConsuming a diet high in fiber and low in fat✓ 正解攝取高纖維且低脂的飲食
- CUndergoing a baseline colonoscopy接受基線大腸鏡檢查
- DPerforming a monthly self-breast exam每月進行乳房自我檢查
預防醫學分為三級。一級預防（Primary Prevention）旨在疾病發生前提升健康，透過生活型態改變（如均衡飲食、運動、戒菸、疫苗接種）來預防疾病。二級預防（Secondary Prevention）則涉及早期篩檢（如大腸鏡、乳房攝影、抹片），旨在疾病初期發現並介入。C 為生活型態調整，屬一級預防；其餘選項均為篩檢措施，屬二級預防。
Preventive medicine is divided into three levels. Primary prevention aims to promote health before disease occurs through lifestyle changes (such as balanced diet, exercise, smoking cessation, and vaccinations) to prevent disease. Secondary prevention involves early screening (such as colonoscopy, mammography, and Pap smears) to detect and intervene early in the disease course. Option B represents a lifestyle modification and is therefore primary prevention; the remaining options are screening measures and represent secondary prevention.