— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · SATA —
護理師指導病人關於鋰鹽（Lithium Carbonate）的注意事項，哪些資訊至關重要？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client about lithium carbonate. What information is essential? (Select all that apply.)
- AMaintain adequate fluid intake✓ 正解維持充足的水分攝取
- BAvoid salt-restricted diets✓ 正解避免低鈉飲食
- CMonitor for tremors and confusion✓ 正解監測顫抖和意識混亂
- DTake the medication with meals✓ 正解隨餐服用藥物
- EIncrease intake of sodium when sweating出汗時增加鈉攝取
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
鋰鹽治療指數窄，需注意鹽分與水分平衡。鈉攝取減少會導致鋰離子滯留，增加中毒風險。因此不建議限鈉飲食。水分不足會影響排泄。鋰鹽易引起腸胃不適，隨餐服用可減輕。顫抖與混亂是鋰鹽中毒的常見徵兆。選項 E 錯誤，因流汗應補充水分與電解質，而非盲目增加鈉攝取。
Clients taking lithium must maintain adequate fluid and sodium intake to prevent toxicity, as low sodium levels increase lithium reabsorption. Medication should be taken with meals to reduce gastrointestinal irritation, and clients must monitor for early signs of toxicity such as tremors and confusion.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國精神科門診常有較好的鋰鹽濃度監測追蹤；台灣則需提醒病人按時回診抽血監測。