護理師準備進行無菌換藥，下列哪些動作符合無菌技術原則？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to perform a sterile dressing change. Which actions follow proper sterile technique? (Select all that apply.)
- AKeep the sterile field above waist level✓ 正解保持無菌區域在腰部以上
- BConsider the outer one-inch edge of the sterile drape as contaminated✓ 正解將無菌鋪巾外側一英吋邊緣視為已污染
- CReach over the sterile field to pick up a dressing跨越無菌區域撿拾敷料
- DMaintain vision of the sterile field at all times✓ 正解隨時保持視線關注無菌區域
- EApply sterile gloves before opening the sterile kit在開啟無菌套件前戴上無菌手套
無菌技術的核心在於建立並維持無菌區（Sterile Field），避免外源性微生物污染。護理師必須確保無菌物品始終在視線範圍內，且不被非無菌物體接觸。正確的無菌技術包括：維持無菌區高於腰部（腰部以下視為非無菌）、無菌包外圍一英吋視為污染邊界、以及隨時監控無菌區。違反這些原則會導致微生物污染，增加病人術後感染風險。
The core of sterile technique is to establish and maintain a sterile field, avoiding contamination by exogenous microorganisms. The nurse must ensure that sterile items remain within sight at all times and are not touched by nonsterile objects. Proper sterile technique includes keeping the sterile field above waist level (anything below waist level is considered nonsterile), treating the outer one-inch border of the sterile drape as contaminated, and continuously monitoring the sterile field. Violating these principles results in microbial contamination and increases the client's risk of postoperative infection.