一位 70 歲客戶詢問關於骨質疏鬆症的初級預防策略。護理師應推薦哪些措施？（選所有適合的）
A 70-year-old client is asking about primary prevention strategies for osteoporosis. What should the nurse recommend? (Select all that apply.)
- AEngage in weight-bearing exercises regularly✓ 正解定期參與負重運動
- BEnsure adequate intake of Calcium and Vitamin D✓ 正解確保攝取足夠的鈣質和維生素 D
- CStop smoking and limit alcohol consumption✓ 正解戒菸並限制酒精攝取
- DUndergo a bone density scan every 6 months每 6 個月接受一次骨密度掃描
- EIncrease protein intake to support muscle mass✓ 正解增加蛋白質攝取以支持肌肉質量
骨質疏鬆初級預防核心在於維持骨密度與肌肉支撐。負重運動、鈣與維生素 D 攝取、戒菸酒是基礎。蛋白質對肌肉質量保護至關重要，可降低跌倒風險。D 錯誤：骨密度檢查（DEXA）通常建議 1-2 年一次，除非臨床有急性變化，6 個月過於頻繁。
The core of primary prevention of osteoporosis is maintaining bone density and muscular support. Weight-bearing exercise, adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D, and avoidance of smoking and excessive alcohol are foundational. Protein is important for preserving muscle mass and reduces fall risk. Option D is incorrect: bone density scans (DEXA) are generally recommended every 1-2 years; in the absence of acute clinical changes, scanning every 6 months is too frequent.
台灣骨鬆治療常結合健保給付藥物，美國則依各州規範與保險給付，護理師需特別考量客戶經濟與保險狀態。