一位 55 歲客戶詢問護理師關於冠狀動脈心臟病的一級預防策略。下列何者回應最為適當？
A 55-year-old client asks the nurse about primary prevention strategies for coronary artery disease. Which response is most appropriate?
- AMaintain a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet✓ 正解維持低脂、低膽固醇飲食
- BBegin smoking cessation immediately立即開始戒菸
- CSchedule an annual cardiac stress test安排年度心臟壓力測試
- DStart taking low-dose aspirin daily開始每日服用低劑量阿斯匹靈
一級預防指在疾病發生前，透過改善生活型態與飲食控制來降低風險因子。控制飲食油脂與膽固醇是預防動脈粥狀硬化生成的基礎。B 是二級預防（篩檢），D 為藥物介入，B 是針對已存在的有害行為修正，皆非最廣義的健康促進一級預防。
Primary prevention refers to actions taken before disease develops, reducing risk factors through lifestyle modification and dietary management. Controlling dietary fat and cholesterol is the foundation for preventing atherosclerosis. Option C is secondary prevention (screening), option D is a medical intervention, and option B addresses correction of an existing harmful behavior; none of these represent the broadest sense of primary prevention through health promotion.
美台對於心臟病預防教育趨同，但美國護理師執行護理衛教的自主權較高，台灣常配合營養師共同進行飲食指導。