病人主訴慢性咳嗽、體重減輕與夜間盜汗。應採取哪種隔離措施？
A client presents with an active cough, weight loss, and night sweats. What is the most appropriate isolation precaution to initiate?
- AProtective isolation保護性隔離
- BDroplet precautions飛沫隔離
- CAirborne precautions✓ 正解空氣隔離
- DContact precautions接觸隔離
此病人呈現結核病（TB）的典型症狀：慢性咳嗽、體重減輕與夜間盜汗。結核分枝桿菌（Mycobacterium tuberculosis）主要透過空氣微粒傳播，因此必須執行空氣傳播隔離措施（Airborne Precautions）。護理師應確保病人安置在負壓病室（Negative pressure room），並在進入病室時配戴 N95 口罩，以防止吸入懸浮在空氣中的微粒。臨床護理思路需將傳染病預防置於感染控制首位，確保病人與醫療人員安全。
This client presents with the classic symptoms of tuberculosis (TB): chronic cough, weight loss, and night sweats. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is transmitted primarily through airborne droplet nuclei, so Airborne Precautions must be implemented. The nurse should ensure the client is placed in a negative-pressure isolation room and must wear an N95 respirator when entering to prevent inhalation of airborne particles. Clinically, infectious disease prevention is the top priority of infection control, ensuring the safety of both the client and healthcare personnel.
台美兩地對結核病的隔離指引高度一致。美國 CDC 對於疑似 TB 病人會立即啟動 Airborne Precautions 並安排胸部 X 光及痰液檢查。差異點在於美國醫療機構極度強調負壓病室的監測（需有獨立通風系統），若負壓失效需立即通報並轉移病人。