護理師教導一群長者如何預防感染。應包含哪些內容？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a group of older adults about preventing infection. Which of the following should be included? (Select all that apply.)
- AReceive an annual influenza vaccine✓ 正解接種年度流感疫苗
- BWash hands before eating and after using the restroom✓ 正解進食前和如廁後洗手
- CDrink plenty of fluids to maintain hydration✓ 正解攝取充足水分以維持水合狀態
- DAvoid large crowds during flu season✓ 正解在流感季節避免前往人群密集處
- ETake antibiotics immediately when feeling a cold coming on感覺即將感冒時立即服用抗生素
老年人由於免疫系統功能下降、慢性疾病多、營養狀況不佳以及活動能力受限等因素，更容易受到感染的威脅。因此，護理師在對長者進行健康衛教時，提供關於預防感染的實用建議至關重要。這些建議應涵蓋多個面向，從增強自身免疫力到減少病原體暴露，以幫助長者維持健康，降低感染風險。 正確答案A、B、C、D都是預防感染的有效策略。每年接種流感疫苗（A）能有效預防季節性流感；正確的手部衛生（B）是阻斷病原體傳播最簡單也最有效的方法；充足的水分攝取（C）有助於維持身體正常生理功能，包括黏膜屏障和免疫反應；在流感季節避免大型人群聚集（D）能減少接觸傳染源的機會。這些綜合性的措施能從多方面築起防線，有效保護長者免受感染。相反，隨意服用抗生素（E）不僅對病毒性感冒無效，還會助長抗生素抗藥性，是不正確的做法。
Infection prevention for older adults includes receiving annual influenza vaccines, practicing strict hand hygiene, maintaining hydration to support mucosal barriers, and avoiding crowded places during flu season. Antibiotics should not be taken for viral infections like colds, as they are ineffective and contribute to antibiotic resistance.
美台公共衛生宣導方向一致。美國對長者肺炎鏈球菌疫苗的普及率較高。