護理師正在照護一位患有愛迪生氏病（Addison's disease）的病患。下列哪項實驗室數據與此診斷最相符？
The nurse is caring for a client with Addison's disease. Which laboratory result is most consistent with this diagnosis?
- ASerum Sodium 150 mEq/L血清鈉 150 mEq/L
- BSerum Calcium 8.2 mg/dL血清鈣 8.2 mg/dL
- CBlood Glucose 180 mg/dL血糖 180 mg/dL
- DSerum Potassium 5.8 mEq/L✓ 正解血清鉀 5.8 mEq/L
愛迪生氏病（Addison's disease）是原發性腎上腺皮質功能不全，導致醛固酮（Aldosterone）與皮質醇（Cortisol）分泌不足。核心機轉：缺乏醛固酮會導致腎臟無法保鈉排鉀。因此，典型的電解質變化是「低鈉、高鉀」。此外，皮質醇不足會導致「低血糖」。選項 A（高鈉）與 C（高血糖）是庫欣氏症（Cushing's syndrome）的特徵，與愛迪生氏病相反。選項 B 的血鈣與此病無直接關聯。在高鉀血症（5.8 mEq/L）的背景下，護理師必須監測心電圖變化，並預防隨時可能發生的 Addisonian Crisis（愛迪生危象，表現為嚴重低血壓與脫水）。
Addison's disease is primary adrenocortical insufficiency, resulting in deficient aldosterone and cortisol secretion. The core mechanism: lack of aldosterone causes the kidneys to fail to retain sodium and excrete potassium. Therefore, the classic electrolyte abnormality is "low sodium, high potassium." In addition, cortisol deficiency causes hypoglycemia. Options A (hypernatremia) and C (hyperglycemia) are features of Cushing's syndrome and the opposite of Addison's disease. Calcium in option B has no direct relationship to this disease. In the context of hyperkalemia (5.8 mEq/L), the nurse must monitor for ECG changes and be prepared for an Addisonian crisis (manifested as severe hypotension and dehydration), which may occur at any time.
美國 NCLEX 經常測試 Endocrine 對比題（如 Addison vs Cushing）；台灣護理國考則較常分開詢問個別疾病的特徵。在臨床，美國護理師對 Addisonian Crisis 的早期辨識（如突發腰痛、低血壓）有極高的考核要求。