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— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MCQ —

護理師正監測一位因子癇前症接受靜脈硫酸鎂(Magnesium sulfate)輸注的病人。下列哪項發現應被視為鎂中毒的徵象?

A nurse is monitoring a client receiving intravenous magnesium sulfate for preeclampsia. Which finding should the nurse identify as a sign of magnesium toxicity?

  • ABlood pressure of 140/90 mmHg血壓 140/90 mmHg
  • BRespiratory rate of 10 breaths/min呼吸頻率 10 次/分正確答案
  • CDeep tendon reflexes 2+深腱反射 2+
  • DUrinary output of 40 mL/hr尿量 40 mL/hr
— Answer · 正確答案 —
  • B呼吸頻率 10 次/分
— Why · 為什麼是這個答案 —

硫酸鎂用於預防子癇前症病人的抽搐,但其安全治療區間狹窄。鎂中毒的首要徵兆包括深腱反射消失(DTRs absent/0+)和呼吸抑制。正常的呼吸速率應在 12-20 次/分,當呼吸降至 10 次/分時(B 選項),是嚴重的毒性警告,必須立即停藥並準備解毒劑(Calcium gluconate)。C 選項 2+ 是正常反射;D 選項尿量 40 mL/hr 高於警戒值(30 mL/hr),雖然鎂經由腎臟排泄,尿量減少會增加中毒風險,但 40 mL/hr 尚屬安全;A 選項血壓仍高,是子癇前症的表現而非鎂中毒徵象。護理師的監測重點在於「呼吸、反射、尿量」三劍客,其中呼吸抑制最為致命。這題考驗高風險藥物的毒性評估能力。

— Options · 其他選項為什麼不對 —
  • A血壓 140/90 mmHg

    140/90 mmHg 的血壓反映的是病人原本的子癇前症病情,並非藥物中毒所致。鎂中毒通常反而可能導致血壓下降或心律不整。

  • B · 正確答案呼吸頻率 10 次/分

    呼吸速率降至 10 次/分是典型的鎂中毒表現,代表中樞神經受到過度抑制,是必須立即停藥並通知醫師的危急徵象。

  • C深腱反射 2+

    深腱反射 2+ 屬於正常範圍。鎂中毒會導致神經肌肉傳導受阻,表現為反射減弱(1+)或消失(0),2+ 代表尚未中毒。

  • D尿量 40 mL/hr

    尿量 40 mL/hr 尚在接受範圍內(通常以 30 mL/hr 為界)。雖然尿量減少會讓鎂蓄積,但此數值本身並非中毒徵象。

✦ 台美臨床差異

在美國產科護理中,Magnesium sulfate 的滴定與監測有非常標準的 Flowsheet,護理師需每小時評估 DTRs 和 RR。台灣雖然也有監測規範,但在反射評估(DTRs)的精準度與執行頻率上,有時因護病比限制而不如美國嚴格。

English explanation

Magnesium sulfate is used to prevent seizures in patients with preeclampsia, but it has a narrow therapeutic window. The earliest signs of magnesium toxicity include absent deep tendon reflexes (DTRs 0+) and respiratory depression. The normal respiratory rate is 12-20 breaths/min; when it drops to 10 breaths/min (option B), this is a serious toxicity warning that requires immediate discontinuation of the infusion and preparation of the antidote (calcium gluconate). Option C's 2+ DTRs represent normal reflexes; in option D, urine output of 40 mL/hr is above the warning threshold (30 mL/hr) - although magnesium is excreted by the kidneys and decreased urine output increases the risk of toxicity, 40 mL/hr is still within a safe range. Option A shows persistently elevated blood pressure, which reflects the underlying preeclampsia rather than a sign of magnesium toxicity. The nurse's monitoring should focus on the triad of respirations, reflexes, and urine output, with respiratory depression being the most life-threatening. This question tests the assessment of toxicity from a high-risk medication.

最近修訂:2026-05-17

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