病人因心房顫動服用 Warfarin。哪些食物選擇顯示病人需要進一步衛教？（選所有適合的）
A client is taking warfarin for atrial fibrillation. Which food choices indicate the client needs further teaching? (Select all that apply.)
- ASpinach salad✓ 正解菠菜沙拉
- BSteamed broccoli✓ 正解清蒸青花椰菜
- CGrilled salmon烤鮭魚
- DKale smoothie✓ 正解羽衣甘藍冰沙
- EWhole grain bread全麥麵包
Warfarin 是維生素 K 拮抗劑。攝取大量含維生素 K 的食物（如菠菜、綠花椰菜、羽衣甘藍等深綠色蔬菜）會抵消 Warfarin 的抗凝血效果，增加血栓風險。病人不一定要完全禁食，但必須維持穩定的攝取量。鮭魚 (C) 與全麥麵包 (E) 維生素 K 含量低，不影響抗凝血治療。
Warfarin is a vitamin K antagonist. Consuming large amounts of vitamin K-rich foods (such as spinach, broccoli, kale, and other dark green vegetables) counteracts warfarin's anticoagulant effect and increases the risk of thrombus formation. Clients do not have to avoid these foods entirely but must keep their intake consistent. Salmon (C) and whole-grain bread (E) are low in vitamin K and do not affect anticoagulation therapy.
美國飲食中羽衣甘藍 (Kale) 極為常見；台灣則多需衛教深綠色蔬菜如大林菜、芥藍等。