— 安全與感染控制 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師照護一位免疫功能低下的病人。下列哪些防護措施是必要的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for an immunocompromised client. Which precautions are essential? (Select all that apply.)
- AStrict hand hygiene✓ 正解嚴格執行手部衛生
- BScreening visitors for illness✓ 正解篩檢訪客是否有生病跡象
- CProviding a low-bacteria diet✓ 正解提供低菌飲食
- DAllowing fresh flowers in the room允許鮮花進入病房
- EWearing a mask when entering the room✓ 正解進入病房時佩戴口罩
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
免疫功能低下（Immunocompromised）病人的照護核心是「保護性隔離」（Protective Isolation / Neutropenic Precautions）。此類病人因防禦機制缺失，極易感染環境中的病原體。護理重點在於阻斷感染途徑（洗手、口罩）與減少病原暴露（篩檢訪客、飲食限制）。
The core of caring for an immunocompromised client is protective isolation (neutropenic precautions). Because their defense mechanisms are impaired, these clients are highly susceptible to environmental pathogens. Nursing care focuses on blocking routes of infection (hand hygiene, masks) and reducing pathogen exposure (visitor screening, dietary restrictions).
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國醫院對於 Neutropenic precautions 的執行細節可能因機構而異，但核心原則（如禁止鮮花、嚴格手部衛生）是一致的。保護性隔離的重點在於「保護病人免受外界感染」，與標準隔離（保護他人免受病人感染）方向不同。