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藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · SATA

護理師正給予病人每日口服 80 mg 阿托伐他汀(atorvastatin)。下列哪些潛在的副作用需要立即關注?(選所有適合的)

A nurse is administering atorvastatin 80 mg PO daily to a client. Which potential adverse effect requires immediate attention? (Select all that apply.)

  • AElevated liver enzymes
    肝酵素升高
  • BMuscle pain and weakness✓ 正解
    肌肉疼痛和無力
  • CHeadache
    頭痛
  • DDark urine✓ 正解
    深色尿液
  • EAbdominal discomfort
    腹部不適
Explanation · 中文詳解

Atorvastatin 屬於 HMG-CoA 還原酶抑制劑(Statin),主要用於降膽固醇。臨床上最需警惕的嚴重副作用是橫紋肌溶解症(Rhabdomyolysis)。當肌肉細胞受損,肌球蛋白(myoglobin)釋放到血液中,經腎臟過濾會導致尿液顏色變深(茶色尿),若未及時處理可能引發急性腎損傷。肌肉疼痛與無力則是橫紋肌溶解的早期警訊。護理師必須教育病人一旦出現這些症狀,應立即停藥並就醫。

Muscle pain, weakness, and dark urine are signs of rhabdomyolysis, a serious adverse effect of statins that can lead to acute kidney injury. These symptoms require immediate medical attention and discontinuation of the medication, whereas elevated liver enzymes and mild side effects like headache are monitored but do not necessarily require urgent cessation.

✦ 台美臨床差異

在美國臨床環境中,對於 statin 類藥物引發的肌肉症狀監測非常嚴謹,護理師需主動詢問病人有無 Muscle pain,且常規會衛教病人觀察尿液顏色。台灣臨床對於 statin 的副作用衛教亦同,但在美國電子病歷系統中,若病人回報肌肉疼痛,護理師需立即通知醫師檢測肌酸激酶(CK)水平的流程更為標準化。

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