病人被處方使用 Lisinopril，護理師應包含哪些衛教內容？（選所有適合的）
A client is prescribed Lisinopril. Which patient teaching points should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
- AChange positions slowly to prevent orthostatic hypotension✓ 正解緩慢改變姿勢以預防姿勢性低血壓
- BReport persistent dry cough to the healthcare provider✓ 正解向醫療提供者報告持續性的乾咳
- CIncrease intake of potassium-rich foods like bananas增加富含鉀的食物攝取，如香蕉
- DMonitor blood pressure regularly at home✓ 正解在家中定期監測血壓
- EAvoid the use of salt substitutes containing potassium✓ 正解避免使用含有鉀的代鹽
Lisinopril 屬於血管張力素轉換酶抑制劑（ACE Inhibitor），主要透過抑制血管張力素 II 的產生來降低血壓。護理重點在於監測常見副作用如姿勢性低血壓、高鉀血症及乾咳。ACE 抑制劑會抑制醛固酮分泌，進而導致鉀離子滯留，因此必須教育病人避免攝取高鉀食物及含鉀鹽替代品，以防發生危險的高鉀血症。此外，定期監測血壓能評估藥物療效，並確保病人對治療的順應性。
Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor that can cause vasodilation leading to orthostatic hypotension, so clients should change positions slowly. It also commonly causes a persistent dry cough due to bradykinin accumulation, which must be reported. Because ACE inhibitors can lead to hyperkalemia, clients should monitor their blood pressure regularly and avoid potassium-rich foods or salt substitutes.
在美國，藥師（Pharmacist）常會主動進行藥物諮詢，但護理師仍需在給藥前確認病人理解衛教重點。台灣臨床上對鹽替代品的警示較少強調，但在美國因飲食習慣影響，這是 ACEI 衛教的標準項目。