— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · SATA —
下列哪些介入措施屬於初級預防？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following interventions are considered primary prevention? (Select all that apply.)
- AHandwashing education✓ 正解洗手衛教
- BFlu vaccination✓ 正解流感疫苗接種
- CMammography乳房攝影檢查
- DSafety belt laws✓ 正解安全帶法規
- ERehabilitation after surgery術後復健
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
初級預防（Primary prevention）的核心目標是「預防疾病或傷害的發生」，其措施是在疾病尚未發生前，採取行動以消除風險因子或增強個體防禦力。選項 A、B、D 分別透過教育減少傳染病傳播、增強免疫系統抵抗力以及透過法規減少事故傷害，均符合此定義。乳房攝影屬於次級預防（篩檢），復健則是三級預防（減少併發症與功能恢復）。在 NCLEX 考試中，辨識策略的時機點是關鍵，初級預防總是發生在健康狀態時。
Primary prevention aims to prevent disease or injury before it occurs by eliminating risk factors or enhancing individual defenses. Handwashing education, flu vaccinations, and safety belt laws are all primary prevention strategies, whereas mammography is secondary prevention and rehabilitation is tertiary prevention.