— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師評估一位疑似抗利尿激素分泌失調症（SIADH）的病人，預期會發現下列哪項檢驗結果？
A nurse is assessing a client with suspected SIADH. Which laboratory finding should the nurse expect?
- ASerum osmolality 310 mOsm/kg血清滲透壓 310 mOsm/kg
- BHyperkalemia高鉀血症
- CUrine specific gravity 1.002尿液比重大 1.002
- DSerum sodium 125 mEq/L✓ 正解血清鈉 125 mEq/L
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
抗利尿激素分泌失調症（SIADH）的病理生理機制是抗利尿激素（ADH）過度分泌，導致腎臟過度重吸收水分，造成體內水分滯留。這會引起「稀釋性低血鈉（Dilutional hyponatremia）」。實驗室檢查結果應符合此病生理特徵：血鈉偏低、血清滲透壓下降，以及尿液因水分重吸收而呈現濃縮（高尿比重）。
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) causes excessive water retention, leading to dilutional hyponatremia with a serum sodium level of 125 mEq/L. This condition is characterized by low serum osmolality and concentrated urine with high specific gravity.