— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師正在為病人進行輸血，哪些徵象顯示發生了溶血性輸血反應？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is administering a blood transfusion to a client. Which signs would indicate a hemolytic transfusion reaction? (Select all that apply.)
- ALow back pain✓ 正解腰痛
- BFever and chills✓ 正解發燒和畏寒
- CHypotension✓ 正解低血壓
- DBradycardia心搏過緩
- EHemoglobinuria✓ 正解血紅蛋白尿
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
溶血性輸血反應通常在開始輸血後迅速發生。常見症狀包括輸血部位疼痛、腰痛（因腎小管阻塞）、發燒、寒顫、低血壓以及血紅素尿。心跳通常會代償性加速（心搏過速），而非心搏過緩。一旦懷疑，應立即停止輸血並維持管路暢通。
Signs of a hemolytic transfusion reaction include low back pain due to renal involvement, fever and chills from the immune response, hypotension indicating circulatory collapse, and hemoglobinuria resulting from red blood cell destruction. Tachycardia, not bradycardia, is typically observed as a compensatory mechanism; therefore, bradycardia is not a sign of this reaction.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美皆嚴格執行雙人核對（Double-check），但在發生反應後的回報流程中，美國更強調立即上傳事故報告。