— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師指導骨質減少症（osteopenia）病人維持骨骼健康，下列哪些介入措施合適？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following interventions are appropriate for a client diagnosed with osteopenia to maintain bone health? (Select all that apply.)
- AEngage in weight-bearing exercises like brisk walking✓ 正解從事快走等負重運動
- BIncrease intake of calcium-rich foods like yogurt✓ 正解增加攝取富含鈣的食物，如優格
- CAvoid smoking and limit alcohol consumption✓ 正解避免吸菸並限制酒精攝取
- DParticipate in high-impact contact sports daily每日參與高衝擊性接觸運動
- EEnsure adequate Vitamin D intake through sunlight or supplements✓ 正解透過日曬或補充劑確保充足的維生素 D 攝取
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
骨質減少症需透過生活型態改變來延緩骨質流失。負重運動（如快走）能促進造骨細胞活性；鈣質與維生素 D 是骨骼構成的基石；戒菸酒可減少骨質流失的危險因子。高衝擊運動（如拳擊、足球）對骨質密度已不足的病人有骨折風險，故不建議。
Weight-bearing exercises stimulate bone remodeling and help maintain bone density, making them essential for clients with osteopenia. Adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D supports bone health by providing necessary minerals and facilitating calcium absorption. Clients should also avoid smoking and limit alcohol, as these substances accelerate bone loss, whereas high-impact sports pose an unnecessary fracture risk.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理師常進行 FRAX 風險評估；台灣護理師較少主導風險評估流程，多由復健科或骨科醫師執行。