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生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ

一位急性呼吸窘迫症候群(ARDS)病人使用機械通氣。何項措施對預防呼吸器相關肺炎(VAP)至關重要?

A client with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is on mechanical ventilation. Which intervention is essential to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)?

  • AMaintain head of bed elevated at 30-45 degrees✓ 正解
    保持床頭抬高 30-45 度
  • BProvide frequent sedation vacations
    提供頻繁的鎮靜暫停
  • CAdminister broad-spectrum antibiotics
    給予廣效型抗生素
  • DIncrease PEEP
    增加陽壓終末呼氣(PEEP)
Explanation · 中文詳解

抬高床頭 30-45 度(Semi-Fowler's position)能利用重力幫助分泌物從呼吸道引流,減少細菌進入肺部的機會,是預防 VAP 的重要措施。增加 PEEP、給予抗生素、減少鎮靜旨在穩定病人,但非預防 VAP 的主要介入措施。

Elevating the head of the bed to 30-45 degrees is essential for preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia as it uses gravity to facilitate drainage of secretions and reduce the risk of aspiration. This positioning strategy directly targets the mechanism of bacterial entry into the lungs, unlike increasing PEEP or administering antibiotics.

✦ 台美臨床差異

美國重症加護病房(ICU)普遍採用 VAP 預防套組(bundle),包含多項措施;台灣亦有類似套組,但執行標準化程度可能因醫院而異。

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