— 基本照護與舒適 · EASY · MCQ —
一位限水病人。下列哪些飲料護理師應從餐單中排除?
A client is on a fluid-restricted diet. Which drinks should the nurse exclude from the client's menu?
- ACoffee咖啡
- BGrape juice葡萄汁
- CWater水
- DGelatin✓ 正解果凍
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
限水飲食(Fluid restriction)的護理關鍵在於精確計算「隱性水分(Hidden fluids)」。在 NCLEX 中,所有「在室溫下會融化為液體」的物質都必須計入每日攝入量(I&O)。果凍(Gelatin)、冰塊(Ice chips)、冰淇淋(Ice cream)與雪酪(Sorbet)皆屬此類。護理師若未將果凍計入,會導致水分攝取被低估,對心衰竭或腎衰竭病人造成體液容積過負荷(Fluid volume overload)的風險。水、果汁與咖啡顯然是液體,但果凍最容易被忽略,因此是考點所在。
In fluid-restricted diets, gelatin must be excluded from the count as solid food because it melts into liquid at room temperature. Standard nursing practice requires counting all substances that become liquid at body temperature toward the total daily intake to prevent fluid volume overload.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國 NCLEX 習慣將 Ice chips 計為原體積的一半(如 100mL 冰塊計為 50mL 水),而果凍則是全量計入。台灣臨床記錄有時較不統一,需注意此標準化計算。