護理師正在教導一群老年人如何預防居家跌倒。護理師應包含下列哪項建議？
A nurse is teaching a group of older adults about preventing falls at home. Which recommendation should the nurse include?
- AUse a 75-watt bulb in hallways for adequate lighting✓ 正解在走廊使用 75 瓦燈泡以提供充足照明
- BInstall grab bars only if a previous fall has occurred僅在發生過跌倒後才安裝扶手
- CWear loose-fitting slippers around the house在家中穿著寬鬆的拖鞋
- DPlace throw rugs on tiled floors to keep feet warm在磁磚地板上放置地毯以保持腳部溫暖
老年人跌倒預防是 Health Promotion 的關鍵，因為跌倒常導致失能。正確答案 A（使用充足照明）直接解決了視力退化造成的危害，75 瓦或更強的燈光能看清路面障礙。選項 D（放置小地毯）是居家安全的大忌，地毯邊緣極易造成絆倒。選項 C（穿寬鬆拖鞋）缺乏足部支撐且易滑脫，建議穿防滑、包覆性好的平底鞋。選項 B（發生跌倒才安裝扶手）是錯誤的，初級預防應在意外發生前就改善環境（如浴室扶手）。臨床思路上，護理師應採取「環境風險評估」的方法，移除所有滑動或絆腳物品，並強調主動式安全改裝的重要性。
Adequate lighting, such as using 75-watt bulbs, compensates for age-related vision changes and helps older adults identify environmental hazards. This proactive measure is essential for fall prevention, whereas throw rugs and loose slippers increase tripping risks, and grab bars should be installed preventively rather than reactively.
美國保險與醫療體系常提供居家環境安全評估服務；台灣則多由護理師在門診或居家護理時進行衛教。兩者皆強調移除地毯與增加照明的重要性。