— 基本照護與舒適 · HARD · SATA —
一位帕金森氏症病人有極高的吸入性肺炎風險。護理師應包含哪些餵食計畫內容？（選所有適合的）
A client with Parkinson's disease is at high risk for aspiration. Which interventions should the nurse include in the feeding plan? (Select all that apply.)
- AKeep the client in a high-Fowler’s position✓ 正解讓病人保持高福勒氏臥位
- BOffer food in thin, liquid form to ease swallowing提供稀薄的液體食物以方便吞嚥
- CUse a straw to allow better control of fluid intake使用吸管以便更好地控制液體攝取
- DInstruct the client to tuck the chin when swallowing✓ 正解指導病人在吞嚥時收下巴
- EProvide small, frequent meals✓ 正解提供少量多餐
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
帕金森氏症病人吞嚥功能受損。高坐臥位（high-Fowler's）與低頭吞嚥（chin tuck）可防止食物進入氣管。薄液體流速快，病人易嗆咳，需稠化。使用吸管可能導致流速過快導致誤吸。少量多餐可減少疲勞引發的吞嚥困難，是安全照護原則。
To reduce aspiration risk in clients with Parkinson's disease, the nurse should maintain a high-Fowler’s position and instruct the client to tuck the chin during swallowing to facilitate safe passage of food. Additionally, providing small, frequent meals helps prevent fatigue-related swallowing difficulties, while avoiding thin liquids and straws minimizes the risk of choking.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美方常有語言治療師（SLT）進行詳細吞嚥評估；台灣則多由護理師觀察紀錄，專業介入資源相對較少。