對於長期臥床的病人，護理師建議哪項介入措施最能有效預防壓瘡？
Which of the following interventions is most effective for a nurse to recommend to prevent pressure ulcers in a bedridden client?
- AUsing a donut-shaped cushion for comfort使用甜甜圈形坐墊以增加舒適度
- BKeeping the head of the bed elevated at 45 degrees將床頭抬高至 45 度
- CMassaging reddened areas of the skin按摩皮膚發紅區域
- DRepositioning the client every 2 hours✓ 正解每 2 小時重新安置客戶姿勢
長期臥床病人預防壓瘡（Pressure injury）的核心策略是減壓（Pressure relief）與減輕剪切力（Shearing force）。每兩小時翻身（Repositioning）是臨床預防壓瘡的黃金標準，能確保組織有足夠的血液循環時間。護理師需評估病人的耐受性與皮膚狀況，確保翻身過程不會造成皮膚摩擦。
Repositioning the client every two hours is the gold standard for preventing pressure injuries in bedridden patients. This frequent movement relieves sustained pressure on bony prominences, restores blood flow to tissues, and minimizes shear forces. Other interventions like massaging reddened areas or using donut cushions can actually exacerbate tissue damage or reduce circulation.
台美臨床均遵循 Braden Scale 評估風險。美國醫院現在更強調 'Pressure Injury' 的分類定義（Stage 1-4），且在電子病歷中會嚴格記錄翻身時間，若翻身間隔過久導致壓瘡，護理師需承擔極大法律責任。