護理師指導客戶關於骨質疏鬆症的可改變風險因子，應強調哪些項目？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client about modifiable risk factors for osteoporosis. Which factors should the nurse emphasize? (Select all that apply.)
- ACalcium and Vitamin D intake✓ 正解鈣與維生素 D 的攝取
- BWeight-bearing physical activity✓ 正解負重物理活動
- CSmoking cessation✓ 正解戒菸
- DAge and gender年齡與性別
- ELimiting alcohol consumption✓ 正解限制酒精攝取
骨質疏鬆症的護理重點在於識別並修正「可改變（Modifiable）」的風險因子。骨質密度受到鈣質攝取、維生素D合成、負重運動、菸酒攝入等因素影響。護理師應評估病人的生活型態，透過教育介入以減緩骨質流失速度。不可改變因子如年齡、性別、遺傳及種族，雖為高風險指標，但無法透過行為介入改變，因此不在衛教改善範疇。
Nursing care for osteoporosis emphasizes identifying and modifying changeable risk factors. Bone density is influenced by calcium intake, vitamin D synthesis, weight-bearing exercise, and tobacco and alcohol use. The nurse should assess the client's lifestyle and use educational interventions to slow bone loss. Non-modifiable factors such as age, gender, genetics, and race are important risk markers but cannot be altered through behavioral interventions and are therefore not within the scope of educational improvement.