護理師對老年人進行常規篩檢，下列哪些發現是預期之老化現象？（選所有適合的）
Which assessment findings should a nurse expect during a routine health screening of an older adult? (Select all that apply.)
- ADecreased skin elasticity✓ 正解皮膚彈性降低
- BPresbyopia (near vision loss)✓ 正解老花眼（近距離視力喪失）
- CIncreased peripheral pulses周邊脈搏增強
- DDelayed reaction time✓ 正解反應時間延遲
- EDecreased sub-cutaneous fat on extremities✓ 正解四肢皮下脂肪減少
隨著年齡增長，身體會出現一系列正常的生理性退化。這些變化通常是漸進且無害的，但在健康評估時護理師需與病理情況區分。正確答案為 A、B、D、E，反映了皮膚結締組織減少、眼部調節力下降、神經系統傳導變慢以及脂肪分佈改變的典型老化特徵。臨床上，識別這些預期變化有助於護理師區分正常老化與疾病徵兆，確保在評估時能正確判斷風險。
With advancing age, the body undergoes a series of normal physiologic changes. These changes are usually gradual and harmless, but during health assessment the nurse must distinguish them from pathologic conditions. The correct answers are A, B, D, and E, reflecting the typical aging features of reduced skin connective tissue, decreased ocular accommodation, slower neural conduction, and changes in fat distribution. Clinically, recognizing these expected changes helps the nurse distinguish normal aging from signs of disease, ensuring accurate risk assessment.