— 基本照護與舒適 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師協助一位部分負重的長者從床邊移位至椅子。為了確保身體力學，護理師應優先採取哪種技巧？
A nurse is preparing to transfer an older adult client from the bed to a chair. The client is partially weight-bearing. Which technique should the nurse prioritize to ensure safe body mechanics?
- ABend at the waist while lifting the client搬運個案時彎曲腰部
- BUse the back muscles to provide maximum lifting force使用背部肌肉提供最大舉起重力
- CKeep the client’s body close to the nurse’s center of gravity✓ 正解保持個案身體緊貼護理師的重心
- DTwist the torso to pivot the client toward the chair扭轉軀幹以旋轉個案朝向椅子
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
人體工學（Body Mechanics）的目標是透過正確的姿勢降低肌肉骨骼系統的壓力。護理師在移位病人時，應將病人的重心儘量靠近自己的重心，這能縮短力臂，減輕背部肌肉的負荷。此外，應利用大腿與臀部的強壯肌肉作為發力來源，而非背部肌肉。在轉動過程中，應以足部轉向（Pivot）取代軀幹扭轉，以保護脊椎不受剪力傷害。
Keeping the client’s body close to the nurse’s center of gravity minimizes torque on the spine and enhances stability during transfers. This technique, combined with using leg muscles and pivoting with the feet rather than twisting the torso, ensures safe body mechanics.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國臨床更強調「零抬舉」（Zero Lift）政策，鼓勵使用機械輔助工具（如移位機 Hoyer lift、滑墊 Slide board）來減少護理人員背部傷害，而非單純依賴徒手操作。