— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
一名糖尿病患者被發現失去意識，血糖值為 40 mg/dL。護理師應優先採取什麼行動？
A client with diabetes mellitus is found unconscious with a blood glucose of 40 mg/dL. Which action should the nurse perform first?
- ACheck vital signs確認生命徵象
- BAdminister oral glucose gel給予口服葡萄糖凝膠
- CAdminister intramuscular glucagon✓ 正解給予肌肉注射升糖素
- DPerform a neurological assessment進行神經學評估
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
當糖尿病病人處於低血糖昏迷時，意識不清禁止經口給予任何食物或液體，以防吸入性肺炎。肌肉注射升糖素（Glucagon）是意識不清時的首要急救措施，能透過糖原分解快速提升血糖。一旦病人清醒，再評估是否給予碳水化合物。其他評估（如生命徵象、神經學）雖重要，但提升血糖以恢復意識是處理低血糖急症的最優先行動。
Administering intramuscular glucagon is the first action because oral glucose is contraindicated in unconscious clients due to the high risk of aspiration. Glucagon effectively raises blood glucose levels through glycogenolysis, addressing the immediate life-threatening hypoglycemia before other assessments are performed.