— 降低風險 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師教導病人自行注射胰島素。下列哪些顯示需要進一步衛教？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client about self-administration of insulin. Which of these indicate a need for further education? (Select all that apply.)
- AInjecting into the same spot every day✓ 正解每天在同一個部位注射
- BCleaning the site with an alcohol wipe使用酒精棉片清潔注射部位
- CStoring insulin in the freezer✓ 正解將胰島素存放在冷凍庫
- DInjecting at a 90-degree angle以90度角注射
- EChecking blood glucose after injection✓ 正解注射後檢查血糖
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
胰島素自我注射的教育重點在於避免組織損傷、維持藥效及確保血糖監測的時效性。固定注射點會造成脂肪增生（Lipohypertrophy），影響藥物吸收率。冷藏胰島素雖可延長保存期限，但冷凍會破壞胰島素的蛋白質結構導致失活。此外，血糖監測應在注射前執行，以判斷當下是否需要調整劑量，而非注射後。護理師應評估病人的認知與操作技巧，以確保治療成效與用藥安全。
Injecting into the same spot daily causes lipohypertrophy, which impairs insulin absorption, and storing insulin in the freezer destroys its protein structure, rendering it ineffective. Additionally, blood glucose must be checked before injection to determine the appropriate dose, not after. These actions indicate a need for further education.