— 降低風險 · HARD · SATA —
護理師為一位中性球減少症（neutropenia）病人規劃護理計畫，應包含哪些措施？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is planning care for a client with neutropenia. Which interventions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
- ARestrict fresh fruits and vegetables✓ 正解限制新鮮水果和蔬菜
- BEncourage the client to perform deep breathing exercises✓ 正解鼓勵病人進行深呼吸運動
- CAdminister stool softeners to prevent constipation✓ 正解給予軟便劑以預防便秘
- DPerform hourly rectal temperatures to monitor for fever每小時測量直腸溫度以監測發燒
- EPlace the client in a private room with positive pressure airflow✓ 正解將病人安置在具有正壓氣流的私人病房
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
中性球減少症病人免疫力極低，首要目標是預防感染。水果蔬菜可能帶菌故須限制；深呼吸防止肺部感染；軟便劑防止痔瘡破裂引起敗血症；正壓病室保護病人不受環境病原侵害。直腸測溫絕對禁止，因為容易造成黏膜受損引發嚴重感染。
Care for a client with neutropenia focuses on infection prevention by restricting fresh fruits and vegetables, encouraging deep breathing to prevent pneumonia, and administering stool softeners to avoid mucosal trauma. The client should be placed in a private positive-pressure room, and rectal temperatures are strictly contraindicated due to the risk of tissue injury.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣醫院對此類病人多採保護性隔離，但在資源限制下，正壓病房不一定普及，通常強調嚴格的洗手衛教。