一名第一型糖尿病病人因糖尿病酮酸中毒（DKA）入院，醫囑給予靜脈持續注射短效胰島素。哪些護理措施正確？（選所有適合的）
A client with type 1 diabetes is admitted with DKA. The physician orders regular insulin via continuous IV infusion. Which nursing actions are appropriate? (Select all that apply.)
- AMonitor blood glucose hourly✓ 正解每小時監測血糖
- BEnsure potassium levels are above 3.3 mEq/L before starting✓ 正解開始治療前確保鉀離子濃度高於 3.3 mEq/L
- CFlush the IV tubing with 50 mL of insulin solution before infusion✓ 正解輸注前以 50 mL 胰島素溶液沖洗輸液管路
- DDiscontinue insulin infusion as soon as blood glucose is <200 mg/dL血糖低於 200 mg/dL 時立即停止胰島素輸注
- EAssess for signs of hypokalemia throughout therapy✓ 正解治療期間評估低鉀血症跡象
DKA 處理：胰島素會將鉀離子帶入細胞導致低血鉀，故開始前需確認鉀離子 >3.3 mEq/L。胰島素會吸附於塑膠管路，故輸注前需用溶液沖洗管路。血糖需每小時監測以利調整。血糖 <200 應加入葡萄糖以防低血糖，不可單純停止胰島素。胰島素治療期間必須嚴密監測低血鉀症狀。
Regular insulin binds to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubing, so the line must be flushed with an insulin solution to ensure accurate dosing. Potassium levels must be verified above 3.3 mEq/L before initiating therapy because insulin drives potassium into cells, risking severe hypokalemia. Hourly blood glucose monitoring is necessary to adjust the infusion rate, and the insulin should continue until the anion gap closes, not merely when glucose drops below 200 mg/dL.
美台對於 DKA 的胰島素輸注 protocol 相似，均強調對電解質的監測與輸液更換時機。