一位深部靜脈栓塞(DVT)病人正接受肝素(Heparin)持續靜脈注射。病人的活化部分凝血活酶時間(aPTT)為 120 秒(對照值:30 秒)。護理師應優先採取哪項措施?
A client is being treated for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) with a continuous heparin infusion. The client's activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is 120 seconds (Control: 30 seconds). Which action should the nurse take first?
- AIncrease the infusion rate as per protocol依照協議增加輸注速率
- BContinue the infusion and recheck aPTT in 4 hours繼續輸注並於 4 小時後重新檢測 aPTT
- CPrepare to administer vitamin K準備給予維生素 K
- DStop the infusion and notify the healthcare provider✓ 正解停止輸注並通知醫療提供者
肝素治療的目標 aPTT 通常為對照值的 1.5 到 2.5 倍。在此案例中,對照值為 30 秒,治療目標應在 45-75 秒之間。120 秒遠高於治療範圍(對照值的 4 倍),意味著病人處於極高的出血風險。核心處置是立即停止輸注以防止自發性出血。正確答案 D 遵循安全優先原則。選項 C 錯誤是因為維生素 K 是華法林的拮抗劑,肝素的拮抗劑是硫酸魚精蛋白(Protamine Sulfate)。選項 A 會加劇出血風險;選項 B 則忽視了檢驗值的危急程度。護理師必須即時判讀檢驗值並根據安全準則切斷藥物來源。
An aPTT of 120 seconds is significantly above the therapeutic range (typically 1.5 to 2.5 times the control value), indicating a high risk of hemorrhage. The nurse must immediately stop the heparin infusion to prevent bleeding complications and notify the healthcare provider, as continuing the infusion or increasing the rate would be dangerous.
美國醫院通常有非常嚴格且標準化的「Heparin Protocol」,護理師可根據檢驗結果直接依表格調整劑量或停藥(自動執行);台灣則多數仍需先回報醫師,由醫師在醫囑系統更改流速後,護理師再行調整。