— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
病人詢問護理師初級預防（Primary Prevention）的好處。下列哪項活動最能代表初級預防？
A client asks the nurse about the benefits of primary prevention. Which example best describes a primary prevention activity?
- APerforming a monthly breast self-examination.每月進行乳房自我檢查
- BAdministering the influenza vaccine to a healthy adult.✓ 正解為健康成人施打流感疫苗
- COrdering a colonoscopy for a 50-year-old.為50歲病人安排大腸鏡檢查
- DRehabilitating a client after a stroke.中風後病人復健
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
預防醫學分為三級：初級預防（Primary Prevention）目標在於「疾病發生前」採取行動以降低風險；二級預防（Secondary Prevention）目標在於「早期篩檢與發現」；三級預防（Tertiary Prevention）則是「疾病發生後」的復健與預防惡化。疫苗接種屬於主動免疫，在病原體入侵前提升個體保護力，是典型的初級預防。
Primary prevention aims to prevent disease before it occurs, such as through immunizations that boost individual immunity prior to pathogen exposure. In contrast, breast self-examinations and colonoscopies are secondary prevention methods focused on early detection, while rehabilitation is tertiary prevention aimed at minimizing disability after disease onset.