— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師照護一位急性胰臟炎病人，下列哪些護理措施是適當的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a patient with acute pancreatitis. Which nursing interventions are appropriate? (Select all that apply.)
- AMaintain NPO status✓ 正解維持禁食狀態
- BAdminister IV analgesics as ordered✓ 正解依醫囑給予靜脈止痛藥
- CEncourage a high-fat diet鼓勵高脂飲食
- DMonitor blood glucose levels✓ 正解監測血糖
- EPlace the patient in a side-lying position with knees flexed✓ 正解將病人置於側臥位並屈膝
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
急性胰臟炎需讓胰臟休息，故禁食（NPO）是必要的。疼痛劇烈需藥物止痛（通常用嗎啡類藥物）。胰臟受損會影響內分泌，需監測血糖。側臥並屈膝（胎兒姿勢）可減輕腹痛。高脂肪飲食會刺激胰液分泌，加重病況，絕對禁止。
For acute pancreatitis, maintaining NPO status rests the pancreas, while IV analgesics manage severe pain. Monitoring blood glucose is essential because inflammation impairs endocrine function, and placing the patient in a side-lying, knee-flexed position reduces intra-abdominal tension. A high-fat diet is contraindicated as it stimulates pancreatic enzyme secretion.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國臨床更傾向早期經空腸置管營養（JE-tube）若禁食時間過長；台灣則多採取較長的保守禁食等待腸鳴音恢復。