護理師教導病人防曬安全。應包含下列哪些行動？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a patient about sun safety. Which actions should be included? (Select all that apply.)
- AApply broad-spectrum sunscreen✓ 正解塗抹廣效型防曬乳
- BWear a wide-brimmed hat✓ 正解戴寬邊帽
- CUse tanning beds to build a base tan使用日光浴床建立基礎膚色
- DStay in the shade between 10:00 AM and 4:00 PM✓ 正解上午10點至下午4點之間待在陰涼處
- EApply sunscreen only on cloudy days僅在多雲的日子塗抹防曬乳
防曬的核心目標是減少紫外線（UV）對皮膚的損傷，進而預防皮膚癌及光老化。護理師應教導病人採取多重防護措施，包括物理遮蔽（如帽子、遮蔭）與化學防護（防曬乳）。紫外線在雲天仍會穿透，且上午 10 點至下午 4 點為紫外線強度高峰，必須嚴格執行防護。日光浴機產生的紫外線與陽光同樣會造成 DNA 損傷，絕對不可使用。
Sun safety education focuses on minimizing UV exposure to prevent skin cancer and photoaging. Patients should use broad-spectrum sunscreen, wear protective clothing like wide-brimmed hats, and avoid direct sunlight during peak hours (10 AM to 4 PM). Tanning beds should be avoided as they significantly increase skin cancer risk, and sunscreen remains necessary even on cloudy days because UV rays penetrate clouds.
美國皮膚科醫學會（AAD）強烈建議每日使用 SPF 30 以上防曬，且重視「Broad-spectrum」標示，這與台灣臨床宣導一致，但在美國護理衛教中更強調「防曬乳需每兩小時補擦一次」的執行細節。