— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師照護一位第一型糖尿病病人，血糖為 45 mg/dL，病人意識清楚且能吞嚥，護理師應先採取何項措施？
A nurse is caring for a client with type 1 diabetes mellitus who presents with a blood glucose level of 45 mg/dL. The client is conscious and able to swallow. Which intervention should the nurse implement first?
- AAssess the client's vital signs and level of consciousness評估病人的生命徵象與意識程度
- BAdminister 50 mL of D50W intravenously靜脈注射 50 mL 的 D50W
- CAdminister 15 grams of a fast-acting carbohydrate✓ 正解administer 15 克的速效碳水化合物
- DAdminister 1 mg of glucagon intramuscularly肌肉注射 1 mg 升糖素
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
針對清醒且具吞嚥能力的低血糖病人，首選處置是給予 15g 快速吸收的碳水化合物（如 4 oz 果汁）。此法可快速提升血糖且最符合生理代謝流程。D 與 B 屬於病人失去意識無法吞嚥時的緊急處理，C 若無效則後續才考慮。
For a conscious client who can swallow, administering 15 grams of fast-acting carbohydrates is the priority intervention to rapidly correct hypoglycemia. This oral route is safe, effective, and aligns with physiological metabolism, whereas IV dextrose or IM glucagon are reserved for clients who are unconscious or unable to protect their airway.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理師依據 'Hypoglycemia Protocol' 可直接給予碳水；台灣臨床通常依醫師醫囑或護理常規執行。