— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
病人診斷為急性腎損傷 (AKI)，少尿期預期會出現哪項檢驗結果？
A client is diagnosed with acute kidney injury (AKI). Which lab finding is expected in the oliguric phase?
- AHyperkalemia✓ 正解高血鉀症
- BHypophosphatemia低血磷症
- CHypokalemia低血鉀症
- DHyponatremia低血鈉症
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
急性腎損傷（AKI）的少尿期（Oliguric phase）定義為尿量小於 400ml/day。此時腎絲球過濾率（GFR）大幅下降，腎臟無法排出體內的代謝廢物與電解質。鉀離子無法經由尿液排出，會在血中積聚，導致高血鉀，嚴重時可致心跳停止。此外，常見代謝性酸中毒與高磷血症，而鈉離子則可能因水分滯留而呈現稀釋性低血鈉。
In the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury, the glomerular filtration rate drops significantly, impairing the excretion of potassium and leading to hyperkalemia. This electrolyte imbalance is a critical concern due to the risk of life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias.