— 心理社會完整性 · EASY · MCQ —
一位 45 歲患有廣泛性焦慮症的個案，出現心跳加速、盜汗及瀕死感。護理師應採取哪項初步介入措施？
A 45-year-old client with a history of generalized anxiety disorder presents with rapid heart rate, diaphoresis, and a feeling of impending doom. Which initial nursing intervention is appropriate?
- AEncourage the client to describe the triggers in detail鼓勵病人詳細描述誘發因素
- BUse short, simple, and clear sentences to communicate✓ 正解使用簡短、簡單且清晰的句子進行溝通
- CTeach deep breathing techniques to distract the client教導深呼吸技巧以分散病人注意力
- DAdminister the PRN lorazepam immediately立即給予處方為 PRN 的勞拉西泮（lorazepam）
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
面對處於高度焦慮或恐慌發作的病人，最優先的護理目標是建立安全感並降低刺激。由於病人在高焦慮狀態下認知功能與理解能力下降，使用簡短明確的語言能避免增加額外的資訊處理負擔，幫助病人情緒平穩。深入探索原因或執行過於複雜的教學皆應等到情緒穩定後再進行。
During a panic attack, a client's cognitive processing is impaired, so using short, simple sentences helps reduce confusion and anxiety. Complex explanations or deep exploration of triggers should be deferred until the client is calm to avoid overwhelming them. This approach prioritizes establishing safety and lowering stimulation to facilitate emotional stabilization.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台護理臨床對於恐慌發作的處置皆重視降低環境刺激，差異不大。