一位術後病人感到疼痛，護理師應採取哪些措施促進舒適？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing post-operative pain. Which interventions should the nurse perform to promote comfort? (Select all that apply.)
- AAdminister analgesic medication as ordered✓ 正解按醫囑給予止痛藥物
- BEncourage deep breathing and relaxation techniques✓ 正解鼓勵深呼吸與放鬆技巧
- CProvide a back rub if not contraindicated✓ 正解若無禁忌症，提供背部按摩
- DMaintain the room at a comfortable temperature✓ 正解維持房間在舒適的溫度
- EMinimize environmental noise and distractions✓ 正解減少環境噪音與干擾
術後疼痛管理需採取多模式（Multimodal）護理。藥物為緩解疼痛的主要工具，但輔助性的非藥物治療能降低焦慮、改變疼痛知覺。放鬆技巧（深呼吸、冥想）能抑制交感神經亢奮；背部按摩（若無傷口禁忌）能增加血液循環與舒適感；環境調整（溫度、噪音）能減少環境壓力源，讓病人更易休息與癒合。綜合這些措施能顯著提高病人的舒適程度。
Promoting comfort in post-operative clients involves a multimodal approach including administering prescribed analgesics and employing non-pharmacological interventions. Techniques such as deep breathing, relaxation, and back massage (if not contraindicated) help reduce muscle tension and anxiety. Additionally, maintaining a comfortable room temperature and minimizing noise creates an environment conducive to rest and pain relief.